import re


def component_to_str(value: float, pos_letter: str, neg_letter: str) -> str:
    """Convert a coordinate value to a string with a hemisphere indicator."""
    hemi = pos_letter if value >= 0 else neg_letter
    abs_val = abs(value)
    degrees = int(abs_val)
    fraction = int(round((abs_val - degrees) * 100))  # .25 becomes 25
    return f"{hemi}{degrees:02d}{fraction:02d}"


def latitude_to_str(latitude: float) -> str:
    """Convert a latitude value to a string with a hemisphere indicator."""
    return component_to_str(latitude, "N", "S")


def longitude_to_str(latitude: float) -> str:
    """Convert a longitude value to a string with a hemisphere indicator."""
    return component_to_str(latitude, "E", "W")


def coordinate_to_str(latitude: float, longitude: float) -> str:
    """Format latitude and longitude into a string with hemisphere indicators."""
    lat_str = latitude_to_str(latitude)
    lon_str = longitude_to_str(longitude)
    return f"{lat_str}{lon_str}"


def parse_coordinate_str(coord: str) -> tuple[float, float]:
    """
    Parse a formatted coordinate string (e.g. 'N5225E0040' or 'S1350W12200')
    back into (latitude, longitude) float values.
    """
    # Match hemisphere + degrees + fractional part
    match = re.match(r"^([NS])(\d{2,3})(\d{2})([EW])(\d{2,3})(\d{2})$", coord)
    if not match:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid coordinate format: {coord}")

    lat_hemi, lat_deg, lat_frac, lon_hemi, lon_deg, lon_frac = match.groups()

    lat = int(lat_deg) + int(lat_frac) / 100.0
    lon = int(lon_deg) + int(lon_frac) / 100.0

    if lat_hemi == "S":
        lat = -lat
    if lon_hemi == "W":
        lon = -lon

    return lat, lon