Generating and encoding messages with dynamic allocaiton

generator/nanopb.proto

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ option java_package = "fi.kapsi.koti.jpa.nanopb";
 enum FieldType {
     FT_DEFAULT = 0; // Automatically decide field type, generate static field if possible.
     FT_CALLBACK = 1; // Always generate a callback field.
+    FT_POINTER = 4; // Always generate a dynamically allocated field.
     FT_STATIC = 2; // Generate a static field or raise an exception if not possible.
     FT_IGNORE = 3; // Ignore the field completely.
 }

generator/nanopb_generator.py

@@ -200,19 +200,27 @@ class Field:
             self.enc_size = 5 # protoc rejects enum values > 32 bits
         elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_STRING:
             self.pbtype = 'STRING'
-            if self.max_size is None:
+            if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_POINTER:
-                can_be_static = False
-            else:
                 self.ctype = 'char'
-                self.array_decl += '[%d]' % self.max_size
+                self.enc_size = None
-                self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
+            else:
+                if self.max_size is None:
+                    can_be_static = False
+                else:
+                    self.ctype = 'char'
+                    self.array_decl += '[%d]' % self.max_size
+                    self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
         elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_BYTES:
             self.pbtype = 'BYTES'
-            if self.max_size is None:
+            if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_POINTER:
-                can_be_static = False
-            else:
                 self.ctype = self.struct_name + self.name + 't'
-                self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
+                self.enc_size = None
+            else:
+                if self.max_size is None:
+                    can_be_static = False
+                else:
+                    self.ctype = self.struct_name + self.name + 't'
+                    self.enc_size = varint_max_size(self.max_size) + self.max_size
         elif desc.type == FieldD.TYPE_MESSAGE:
             self.pbtype = 'MESSAGE'
             self.ctype = self.submsgname = names_from_type_name(desc.type_name)
@@ -231,6 +239,8 @@ class Field:
         
         if field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_STATIC:
             self.allocation = 'STATIC'
+        elif field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_POINTER:
+            self.allocation = 'POINTER'
         elif field_options.type == nanopb_pb2.FT_CALLBACK:
             self.allocation = 'CALLBACK'
             self.ctype = 'pb_callback_t'
@@ -242,21 +252,37 @@ class Field:
         return cmp(self.tag, other.tag)
     
     def __str__(self):
-        if self.rules == 'OPTIONAL' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
+        result = ''
-            result = '    bool has_' + self.name + ';\n'
+        if self.allocation == 'POINTER':
-        elif self.rules == 'REPEATED' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
+            if self.rules == 'REPEATED':
-            result = '    size_t ' + self.name + '_count;\n'
+                result += '    size_t ' + self.name + '_count;\n'
+            
+            # Use struct definition, so recursive submessages are possible
+            if self.pbtype == 'MESSAGE':
+                result += '    struct _%s *%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
+
+            # String arrays need to be defined as pointers to pointers
+            elif self.rules == 'REPEATED' and self.pbtype == 'STRING':
+                result += '    %s **%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
+            else:
+                result += '    %s *%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name)
         else:
-            result = ''
+            if self.rules == 'OPTIONAL' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
-        result += '    %s %s%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name, self.array_decl)
+                result += '    bool has_' + self.name + ';\n'
+            elif self.rules == 'REPEATED' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
+                result += '    size_t ' + self.name + '_count;\n'
+            result += '    %s %s%s;' % (self.ctype, self.name, self.array_decl)
         return result
     
     def types(self):
         '''Return definitions for any special types this field might need.'''
-        if self.pbtype == 'BYTES' and self.allocation == 'STATIC':
+        if self.pbtype == 'BYTES' and (self.allocation == 'STATIC' or self.allocation == 'POINTER'):
             result = 'typedef struct {\n'
             result += '    size_t size;\n'
-            result += '    uint8_t bytes[%d];\n' % self.max_size
+            if self.allocation == 'POINTER':
+                result += '    uint8_t *bytes;\n'
+            else:
+                result += '    uint8_t bytes[%d];\n' % self.max_size
             result += '} %s;\n' % self.ctype
         else:
             result = None
@@ -303,7 +329,7 @@ class Field:
         result  = '    PB_FIELD2(%3d, ' % self.tag
         result += '%-8s, ' % self.pbtype
         result += '%s, ' % self.rules
-        result += '%s, ' % self.allocation
+        result += '%-8s, ' % self.allocation
         result += '%s, ' % ("FIRST" if not prev_field_name else "OTHER")
         result += '%s, ' % self.struct_name
         result += '%s, ' % self.name

generator/nanopb_pb2.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import google.protobuf.descriptor_pb2
 DESCRIPTOR = descriptor.FileDescriptor(
   name='nanopb.proto',
   package='',
-  serialized_pb='\n\x0cnanopb.proto\x1a google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\"\x92\x01\n\rNanoPBOptions\x12\x10\n\x08max_size\x18\x01 \x01(\x05\x12\x11\n\tmax_count\x18\x02 \x01(\x05\x12$\n\x04type\x18\x03 \x01(\x0e\x32\n.FieldType:\nFT_DEFAULT\x12\x18\n\nlong_names\x18\x04 \x01(\x08:\x04true\x12\x1c\n\rpacked_struct\x18\x05 \x01(\x08:\x05\x66\x61lse*J\n\tFieldType\x12\x0e\n\nFT_DEFAULT\x10\x00\x12\x0f\n\x0b\x46T_CALLBACK\x10\x01\x12\r\n\tFT_STATIC\x10\x02\x12\r\n\tFT_IGNORE\x10\x03:E\n\x0enanopb_fileopt\x12\x1c.google.protobuf.FileOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:G\n\rnanopb_msgopt\x12\x1f.google.protobuf.MessageOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:E\n\x0enanopb_enumopt\x12\x1c.google.protobuf.EnumOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:>\n\x06nanopb\x12\x1d.google.protobuf.FieldOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions')
+  serialized_pb='\n\x0cnanopb.proto\x1a google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\"\x92\x01\n\rNanoPBOptions\x12\x10\n\x08max_size\x18\x01 \x01(\x05\x12\x11\n\tmax_count\x18\x02 \x01(\x05\x12$\n\x04type\x18\x03 \x01(\x0e\x32\n.FieldType:\nFT_DEFAULT\x12\x18\n\nlong_names\x18\x04 \x01(\x08:\x04true\x12\x1c\n\rpacked_struct\x18\x05 \x01(\x08:\x05\x66\x61lse*Z\n\tFieldType\x12\x0e\n\nFT_DEFAULT\x10\x00\x12\x0f\n\x0b\x46T_CALLBACK\x10\x01\x12\x0e\n\nFT_POINTER\x10\x04\x12\r\n\tFT_STATIC\x10\x02\x12\r\n\tFT_IGNORE\x10\x03:E\n\x0enanopb_fileopt\x12\x1c.google.protobuf.FileOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:G\n\rnanopb_msgopt\x12\x1f.google.protobuf.MessageOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:E\n\x0enanopb_enumopt\x12\x1c.google.protobuf.EnumOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptions:>\n\x06nanopb\x12\x1d.google.protobuf.FieldOptions\x18\xf2\x07 \x01(\x0b\x32\x0e.NanoPBOptionsB\x1a\n\x18\x66i.kapsi.koti.jpa.nanopb')
 
 _FIELDTYPE = descriptor.EnumDescriptor(
   name='FieldType',
@@ -29,23 +29,28 @@ _FIELDTYPE = descriptor.EnumDescriptor(
       options=None,
       type=None),
     descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
-      name='FT_STATIC', index=2, number=2,
+      name='FT_POINTER', index=2, number=4,
       options=None,
       type=None),
     descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
-      name='FT_IGNORE', index=3, number=3,
+      name='FT_STATIC', index=3, number=2,
+      options=None,
+      type=None),
+    descriptor.EnumValueDescriptor(
+      name='FT_IGNORE', index=4, number=3,
       options=None,
       type=None),
   ],
   containing_type=None,
   options=None,
   serialized_start=199,
-  serialized_end=273,
+  serialized_end=289,
 )
 
 
 FT_DEFAULT = 0
 FT_CALLBACK = 1
+FT_POINTER = 4
 FT_STATIC = 2
 FT_IGNORE = 3
 

pb.h

@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ typedef uint8_t pb_type_t;
 /**** Field allocation types ****/
  
 #define PB_ATYPE_STATIC   0x00
+#define PB_ATYPE_POINTER  0x80
 #define PB_ATYPE_CALLBACK 0x40
 #define PB_ATYPE_MASK     0xC0
 
@@ -366,6 +367,22 @@ struct _pb_extension_t {
     pb_membersize(st, m[0]), \
     pb_arraysize(st, m), ptr}
 
+/* Allocated fields carry the size of the actual data, not the pointer */
+#define PB_REQUIRED_POINTER(tag, st, m, fd, ltype, ptr) \
+    {tag, PB_ATYPE_POINTER | PB_HTYPE_REQUIRED | ltype, \
+    fd, 0, pb_membersize(st, m[0]), 0, ptr}
+
+/* Optional fields don't need a has_ variable, as information would be redundant */
+#define PB_OPTIONAL_POINTER(tag, st, m, fd, ltype, ptr) \
+    {tag, PB_ATYPE_POINTER | PB_HTYPE_OPTIONAL | ltype, \
+    fd, 0, pb_membersize(st, m[0]), 0, ptr}
+
+#define PB_REPEATED_POINTER(tag, st, m, fd, ltype, ptr) \
+    {tag, PB_ATYPE_POINTER | PB_HTYPE_REPEATED | ltype, \
+    fd, \
+    pb_delta(st, m ## _count, m), \
+    pb_membersize(st, m[0]), 0, ptr}
+
 /* Callbacks are much like required fields except with special datatype. */
 #define PB_REQUIRED_CALLBACK(tag, st, m, fd, ltype, ptr) \
     {tag, PB_ATYPE_CALLBACK | PB_HTYPE_REQUIRED | ltype, \

pb_encode.c

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ static bool checkreturn encode_array(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t *fie
     
     if (count == 0)
         return true;
-        
+
-    if (count > field->array_size)
+    if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) != PB_ATYPE_POINTER && count > field->array_size)
         PB_RETURN_ERROR(stream, "array max size exceeded");
     
     /* We always pack arrays if the datatype allows it. */
@@ -172,8 +172,19 @@ static bool checkreturn encode_array(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t *fie
         {
             if (!pb_encode_tag_for_field(stream, field))
                 return false;
-            if (!func(stream, field, p))
+
-                return false;
+            /* Special case for strings */
+            if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER &&
+                PB_LTYPE(field->type) == PB_LTYPE_STRING)
+            {
+                if (!func(stream, field, *(const void**)p))
+                    return false;      
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!func(stream, field, p))
+                    return false;
+            }
             p = (const char*)p + field->data_size;
         }
     }
@@ -194,12 +205,19 @@ static bool checkreturn encode_static_field(pb_ostream_t *stream,
     
     if (field->size_offset)
         pSize = (const char*)pData + field->size_offset;
+    else if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER)
+        pSize = *(const void**)pData ? &dummy : pData;
     else
         pSize = &dummy;
-    
+
+    if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER)
+        pData = *(const void**)pData;
+
     switch (PB_HTYPE(field->type))
     {
         case PB_HTYPE_REQUIRED:
+            if (!pData)
+                return false;
             if (!pb_encode_tag_for_field(stream, field))
                 return false;
             if (!func(stream, field, pData))
@@ -257,6 +275,7 @@ static bool checkreturn encode_field(pb_ostream_t *stream,
     switch (PB_ATYPE(field->type))
     {
         case PB_ATYPE_STATIC:
+        case PB_ATYPE_POINTER:
             return encode_static_field(stream, field, pData);
         
         case PB_ATYPE_CALLBACK:
@@ -314,7 +333,10 @@ bool checkreturn pb_encode(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t fields[], cons
     while (field->tag != 0)
     {
         pData = (const char*)pData + prev_size + field->data_offset;
-        prev_size = field->data_size;
+        if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER)
+            prev_size = sizeof(const void*);
+        else
+            prev_size = field->data_size;
         
         /* Special case for static arrays */
         if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_STATIC &&
@@ -569,10 +591,17 @@ bool checkreturn pb_enc_bytes(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t *field, con
 {
     const pb_bytes_array_t *bytes = (const pb_bytes_array_t*)src;
 
-    if (bytes->size + offsetof(pb_bytes_array_t, bytes) > field->data_size)
+    if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER)
-        PB_RETURN_ERROR(stream, "bytes size exceeded");
+    {
-    
+        return pb_encode_string(stream, *(const uint8_t**)bytes->bytes, bytes->size);
-    return pb_encode_string(stream, bytes->bytes, bytes->size);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (bytes->size + offsetof(pb_bytes_array_t, bytes) > field->data_size)
+            PB_RETURN_ERROR(stream, "bytes size exceeded");
+
+        return pb_encode_string(stream, bytes->bytes, bytes->size);
+    }
 }
 
 bool checkreturn pb_enc_string(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t *field, const void *src)
@@ -580,12 +609,22 @@ bool checkreturn pb_enc_string(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_t *field, co
     /* strnlen() is not always available, so just use a for-loop */
     size_t size = 0;
     const char *p = (const char*)src;
-    while (size < field->data_size && *p != '\0')
+    if (PB_ATYPE(field->type) == PB_ATYPE_POINTER)
     {
-        size++;
+        while (*p != '\0')
-        p++;
+        {
+            size++;
+            p++;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        while (size < field->data_size && *p != '\0')
+        {
+            size++;
+            p++;
+        }
     }
-
     return pb_encode_string(stream, (const uint8_t*)src, size);
 }
 

tests/alltypes_pointer/SConscript

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Build and run a test that encodes and decodes a message that contains
+# all of the Protocol Buffers data types.
+
+Import("env")
+
+env.NanopbProto(["alltypes", "alltypes.options"])
+enc = env.Program(["encode_alltypes_pointer.c", "alltypes.pb.c", "$COMMON/pb_encode.o"])
+# dec = env.Program(["decode_alltypes_pointer.c", "alltypes.pb.c", "$COMMON/pb_decode.o"])
+
+env.RunTest(enc)
+# env.RunTest([dec, "encode_alltypes.output"])
+

tests/alltypes_pointer/alltypes.options

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+* type:FT_POINTER
+

tests/alltypes_pointer/alltypes.proto

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+message SubMessage {
+    required string substuff1 = 1 [default = "1"];
+    required int32 substuff2 = 2 [default = 2];
+    optional fixed32 substuff3 = 3 [default = 3];
+}
+
+message EmptyMessage {
+
+}
+
+enum MyEnum {
+    Zero = 0;
+    First = 1;
+    Second = 2;
+    Truth = 42;
+}
+
+message AllTypes {
+    required int32      req_int32   = 1;
+    required int64      req_int64   = 2;
+    required uint32     req_uint32  = 3;
+    required uint64     req_uint64  = 4;
+    required sint32     req_sint32  = 5;
+    required sint64     req_sint64  = 6;
+    required bool       req_bool    = 7;
+    
+    required fixed32    req_fixed32 = 8;
+    required sfixed32   req_sfixed32= 9;
+    required float      req_float   = 10;
+    
+    required fixed64    req_fixed64 = 11;
+    required sfixed64   req_sfixed64= 12;
+    required double     req_double  = 13;
+    
+    required string     req_string  = 14;
+    required bytes      req_bytes   = 15;
+    required SubMessage req_submsg  = 16;
+    required MyEnum     req_enum    = 17;
+    required EmptyMessage req_emptymsg = 18;
+    
+    
+    repeated int32      rep_int32   = 21;
+    repeated int64      rep_int64   = 22;
+    repeated uint32     rep_uint32  = 23;
+    repeated uint64     rep_uint64  = 24;
+    repeated sint32     rep_sint32  = 25;
+    repeated sint64     rep_sint64  = 26;
+    repeated bool       rep_bool    = 27;
+    
+    repeated fixed32    rep_fixed32 = 28;
+    repeated sfixed32   rep_sfixed32= 29;
+    repeated float      rep_float   = 30;
+    
+    repeated fixed64    rep_fixed64 = 31;
+    repeated sfixed64   rep_sfixed64= 32;
+    repeated double     rep_double  = 33;
+    
+    repeated string     rep_string  = 34;
+    repeated bytes      rep_bytes   = 35;
+    repeated SubMessage rep_submsg  = 36;
+    repeated MyEnum     rep_enum    = 37;
+    repeated EmptyMessage rep_emptymsg = 38;
+    
+    optional int32      opt_int32   = 41 [default = 4041];
+    optional int64      opt_int64   = 42 [default = 4042];
+    optional uint32     opt_uint32  = 43 [default = 4043];
+    optional uint64     opt_uint64  = 44 [default = 4044];
+    optional sint32     opt_sint32  = 45 [default = 4045];
+    optional sint64     opt_sint64  = 46 [default = 4046];
+    optional bool       opt_bool    = 47 [default = false];
+    
+    optional fixed32    opt_fixed32 = 48 [default = 4048];
+    optional sfixed32   opt_sfixed32= 49 [default = 4049];
+    optional float      opt_float   = 50 [default = 4050];
+    
+    optional fixed64    opt_fixed64 = 51 [default = 4051];
+    optional sfixed64   opt_sfixed64= 52 [default = 4052];
+    optional double     opt_double  = 53 [default = 4053];
+    
+    optional string     opt_string  = 54 [default = "4054"];
+    optional bytes      opt_bytes   = 55 [default = "4055"];
+    optional SubMessage opt_submsg  = 56;
+    optional MyEnum     opt_enum    = 57 [default = Second];
+    optional EmptyMessage opt_emptymsg = 58;
+
+    // Just to make sure that the size of the fields has been calculated
+    // properly, i.e. otherwise a bug in last field might not be detected.
+    required int32      end = 99;
+
+
+    extensions 200 to 255;
+}
+

tests/alltypes_pointer/encode_alltypes_pointer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/* Attempts to test all the datatypes supported by ProtoBuf.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pb_encode.h>
+#include "alltypes.pb.h"
+#include "test_helpers.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int mode = (argc > 1) ? atoi(argv[1]) : 0;
+    
+    /* Initialize values to encode */
+    int32_t value_int32 = -1000;
+    int64_t value_int64 = -10000000000;
+
+    uint32_t value_uint32 = 1000;
+    uint64_t value_uint64 = 10000000000;
+
+    bool value_bool = true;
+    float value_float = 1000.0f;
+    double value_double = 1000.0f;
+
+    char *value_string = "1000";
+    AllTypes_req_bytes_t value_req_bytes;
+    AllTypes_rep_bytes_t value_rep_bytes;
+    AllTypes_opt_bytes_t value_opt_bytes;
+
+    SubMessage value_submessage = {0};
+    MyEnum value_enum = MyEnum_Truth;
+    EmptyMessage value_empty_message = {0};
+
+    /* Initialize the structure with constants */
+    AllTypes alltypes = {0};
+
+    alltypes.req_int32         = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.req_int64         = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.req_uint32        = &value_uint32;
+    alltypes.req_uint64        = &value_uint64;
+    alltypes.req_sint32        = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.req_sint64        = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.req_bool          = &value_bool;
+    
+    alltypes.req_fixed32       = &value_uint32;
+    alltypes.req_sfixed32      = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.req_float         = &value_float;
+    
+    alltypes.req_fixed64       = &value_uint64;
+    alltypes.req_sfixed64      = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.req_double        = &value_double;
+
+    value_req_bytes.bytes = (uint8_t*)"1000";
+    value_req_bytes.size  = 4;
+    
+    alltypes.req_string        = value_string;
+    alltypes.req_bytes         = &value_req_bytes;
+
+    value_submessage.substuff1 = value_string;
+    value_submessage.substuff2 = &value_int32;
+
+    alltypes.req_submsg        = &value_submessage;
+    alltypes.req_enum          = &value_enum;
+    alltypes.req_emptymsg      = &value_empty_message;
+    
+    alltypes.rep_int32_count = 1; alltypes.rep_int32 = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.rep_int64_count = 1; alltypes.rep_int64 = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.rep_uint32_count = 1; alltypes.rep_uint32 = &value_uint32;
+    alltypes.rep_uint64_count = 1; alltypes.rep_uint64 = &value_uint64;
+    alltypes.rep_sint32_count = 1; alltypes.rep_sint32 = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.rep_sint64_count = 1; alltypes.rep_sint64 = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.rep_bool_count = 1; alltypes.rep_bool = &value_bool;
+    
+    alltypes.rep_fixed32_count = 1; alltypes.rep_fixed32 = &value_uint32;
+    alltypes.rep_sfixed32_count = 1; alltypes.rep_sfixed32 = &value_int32;
+    alltypes.rep_float_count = 1; alltypes.rep_float = &value_float;
+    
+    alltypes.rep_fixed64_count = 1; alltypes.rep_fixed64 = &value_uint64;
+    alltypes.rep_sfixed64_count = 1; alltypes.rep_sfixed64 = &value_int64;
+    alltypes.rep_double_count = 1; alltypes.rep_double = &value_double;
+
+    value_rep_bytes.bytes = (uint8_t*)"1000";
+    value_rep_bytes.size  = 4;
+
+    alltypes.rep_string_count = 1; alltypes.rep_string = (char **)&value_string;
+    alltypes.rep_bytes_count = 0; alltypes.rep_bytes = &value_rep_bytes;
+
+    alltypes.rep_submsg_count = 1; alltypes.rep_submsg = &value_submessage;
+    alltypes.rep_enum_count = 1; alltypes.rep_enum = &value_enum;
+    alltypes.rep_emptymsg_count = 1; alltypes.rep_emptymsg = &value_empty_message;
+    
+    if (mode != 0)
+    {
+        /* Fill in values for optional fields */
+      alltypes.opt_int32         = &value_int32;
+      alltypes.opt_int64         = &value_int64;
+      alltypes.opt_uint32        = &value_uint32;
+      alltypes.opt_uint64        = &value_uint64;
+      alltypes.opt_sint32        = &value_int32;
+      alltypes.opt_sint64        = &value_int64;
+      alltypes.opt_bool          = &value_bool;
+    
+      alltypes.opt_fixed32       = &value_uint32;
+      alltypes.opt_sfixed32      = &value_int32;
+      alltypes.opt_float         = &value_float;
+    
+      alltypes.opt_fixed64       = &value_uint64;
+      alltypes.opt_sfixed64      = &value_int64;
+      alltypes.opt_double        = &value_double;
+    
+      value_opt_bytes.bytes = (uint8_t*)"1000";
+      value_opt_bytes.size  = 4;
+    
+      alltypes.opt_string        = value_string;
+      alltypes.opt_bytes         = &value_opt_bytes;
+
+      alltypes.opt_submsg        = &value_submessage;
+      alltypes.opt_enum          = &value_enum;
+      alltypes.opt_emptymsg      = &value_empty_message;
+    }
+    
+    alltypes.end = &value_int32;
+    
+    {
+        uint8_t buffer[4096];
+        pb_ostream_t stream = pb_ostream_from_buffer(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+        
+        /* Now encode it and check if we succeeded. */
+        if (pb_encode(&stream, AllTypes_fields, &alltypes))
+        {
+            /*SET_BINARY_MODE(stdout);
+            fwrite(buffer, 1, stream.bytes_written, stdout);*/     /* TODO: use this to validate decoding, when implemented */
+            return 0; /* Success */
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Encoding failed: %s\n", PB_GET_ERROR(&stream));
+            return 1; /* Failure */
+        }
+    }
+}